Replacing petroleum-based synthetic polymers with these bio-derived polymers is a promising approach to reduce the environmental impact during polymer production in order to realize a sustainable society. In the proposed research, biomass-based materials are designed for versatile applications: from electrochemistry to cultural heritage conservation. In particular, cellulose is used as an electrode binder in lithium-ion batteries and as a hydrogel for removing corrosion from copper, both using water as a green solvent.